479 research outputs found
Factors Influencing Hotel Managers’ Perceptions Regarding the Use of Mobile Apps to Gain a Competitive Advantage
The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine the opinions of hotel managers
regarding the use of mobile applications in the hotel industry and to analyse the influence of these applications on a hotel’s perceived competitive advantage. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyse the data collected from 106 hotel managers in Turkey. The results of the study indicate that the factors connection and assistance had a significant impact on hotel managers’ perceived competitive advantage. The findings of this study, one of the few that have examined managers’ attitudes toward the use of mobile apps in the hotel industry, provide valuable information that will help to guide technology vendors and software companies that develop mobile apps for hotel
Composición y abundancia de especies de octocorales en el mar de Mármara, donde el Mediterráneo confluye con el mar Negro
Species composition and abundance of octocoral assemblages were investigated in the Sea of Marmara, which forms the connection between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, two semi-enclosed seas with peculiar oceanographic conditions. Fourteen octocoral species were collected in the saline layer of the Marmara Sea (20-40 m), with a mean coral abundance of 5.21±5.11 colonies m–2 (mean ± SD) calculated from a total of 1390 colonies counted in transects. In spite of severe anthropogenic disturbances, dense assemblages of corals/gorgonians were observed during this study. The coralligenous communities—one of the most valuable structures of the Mediterranean Sea—harbored either Eunicella cavolini or Paramuricea macrospina as the dominant gorgonian in the Marmara Sea. Furthermore, the gorgonian assemblages of the Marmara Sea differed from those of the Mediterranean in their high abundance of P. macrospina and Spinimuricea klavereni, two species rarely encountered in the Mediterranean Sea at the studied depth range. The factors behind the observed differences are discussed in regard to the particular oceanographic conditions of the Marmara Sea. Finally, we revised the main threats to corals/gorgonians in the Marmara Sea and provided some insights on management recommendations for coral conservation in this area.En este trabajo se ha analizado la composiciĂłn y abundancia de especies de octocorales de las comunidades bentĂłnicas del mar de Mármara. Este mar conecta el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro, dos mares semicerrados con condiciones oceanográficas particulares. En la capa salina del mar de Mármara (20-40 m) se encontraron un total de catorce especies de octocorales. La abundancia media de colonias de las diferentes especies se obtuvo mediante la realizaciĂłn de transectos. En total se censaron 1390 colonias resultando en una abundancia media de corales de 5.21±5.11 colonias m–2 (media±DE). A pesar de que el mar de Mármara está sometido a severas perturbaciones antropogĂ©nicas, se observaron densas agregaciones de corales/ gorgonias durante este estudio. En las comunidades de coralĂgeno—una de las comunidades más emblemáticas del mar Mediterráneo—que se desarrollan en el mar de Mármara están dominadas por dos especies de gorgonias Eunicella cavolini o Paramuricea macrospina. Además las agregaciones de gorgonias del mar de Mármara diferĂan de las del Mediterráneo por su alta abundancia de P. macrospina y Spinimuricea klavereni, dos especies raramente encontradas en el mar Mediterráneo en el rango de profundidades estudiado. Los factores que podrĂan explicar los resultados se discuten teniendo en cuenta las condiciones oceanográficas particulares del mar de Mármara y las principales amenazas para los corales/gorgonias en el mar de Mármara. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas recomendaciones de gestiĂłn para la conservaciĂłn de los corales en esta área
OIL SPILL ALONG THE TURKISH STRAITS SEA AREA; ACCIDENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND PROTECTION
The Turkish Straits Sea Area (TSSA) is a long water passage that is consisted of the Sea of Marmara, an inland sea within Turkey's borders, and two narrow straits connected to neighboring seas. With a strategic location between the Balkans and Anatolia, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and dominated by the continental climate, the region hosted many civilizations throughout the centuries. This makes the region among the busiest routes in the world, with sea traffic three times higher than that in the Suez Canal. The
straits are the most difficult waterways to navigate and witnessed many hazardous and
important collisions and accidents throughout history. In addition, this area has vital roles as a biological corridor and barrier among three distinctive marine realms. Therefore, the region is rather sensitive to damages of national and international maritime activities, which may cause severe environmental problems.
This book addresses several key questions on a chapter basis, including historical accidents, background information on main dynamic restrictions, oil pollution, oil spill detection, and clean-up recoveries, its impacts on biological communities, socioeconomic aspects, and subjects with international agreements. This book will help readers, public, local and governmental authorities gain a deeper understanding of the status of the oil spill, mostly due to shipping accidents, and their related impacts along the TSSA, which needs precautionary measures to be protected.CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF ACCIDENTS AND REGULATIONS
Remarkable Accidents at the Istanbul Strait
Hasan Bora USLUER and Saim OĞUZÜLGEN …………………………………...... 3
History of Regulations before Republican Era along the Turkish Straits Sea Area
Ali Umut ÜNAL …………………………………………………………………….. 16
Transition Regime in the Turkish Straits during the Republican Era
Osman ARSLAN ……….……………………………………………………….……26
26
The Montreux Convention and Effects at Turkish Straits
Oktay ÇETİN ………………………………………………………………….…….. 33
Evaluation of the Montreux Convention in the Light of Recent Problems
Ayşenur TÜTÜNCÜ ………………………………………………………………… 44
A Historical View on Technical Developments on Ships and Effects
of Turkish Straits
Murat YAPICI ………………………………………………………………………. 55
CHAPTER II - GEOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY AND
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Geographic and Bathymetric Restrictions along the Turkish Straits Sea Area
Bedri ALPAR, Hasan Bora USLUER and Şenol AYDIN ……………………..…… 61
Hydrodynamics and Modeling of Turkish Straits
Serdar BEJİ and Tarkan ERDİK ………………………………………………….… 79
Wave Climate in the Turkish Sea of Marmara
Tarkan ERDİK and Serdar BEJİ …………………………………………………..… 91
CHAPTER III - OIL POLLUTION, DETECTION AND RECOVERY
Oil Pollution at Sea and Coast Following Major Accidents
Selma ÜNLÜ ……………………………………………………………………….101
Forensic Fingerprinting in Oil-spill Source Identification at the Turkish Straits
Sea Area
Özlem ATEŞ DURU ……………………………………………………………… 121
xi
Oil Spill Detection Using Remote Sensing Technologies-Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR)
İbrahim PAPİLA, Elif SERTEL, Şinasi KAYA and Cem GAZİOĞLU ……..……. 140
The Role of SAR Remote Sensing to Detect Oil Pollution and Emergency Intervention
Saygın ABDIKAN, Çağlar BAYIK and Füsun BALIK ŞANLI ……….….……….. 157
Oil Spill Recovery and Clean-Up Techniques
Emra KIZILAY, Mehtap AKBAŞ and Tahir Yavuz GEZBELİ …………………… 176
Turkish Strait Sea Area, Contingency Planning, Regulations and Case Studies
Emra KIZILAY, Mehtap AKBAŞ and Tahir Yavuz GEZBELİ …………………... 188
Dispersant Response Method to Incidental Oil Pollution
Dilek EDİGER, Leyla TOLUN and Fatma TELLİ KARAKOÇ ………………….... 205
CHAPTER IV - THE EFFECTS / IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL ON
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES – INCLUDING SAMPLING
AND MONITORING
Marine Microorganisms and Oil Spill
Sibel ZEKİ and Pelin S. ÇİFTÇİ TÜRETKEN …………...………………………… 219
Estimated Effects of Oil Spill on the Phytoplankton Following “Volgoneft-248”
Accident (Sea of Marmara)
Seyfettin TAŞ ………………………………..…………………………………….... 229
Interactions between Zooplankton and Oil Spills: Lessons Learned from Global
Accidents and a Proposal for Zooplankton Monitoring
İ. Noyan YILMAZ and Melek İŞİNİBİLİR ……………………………………..….. 238
The Effects of Oil Spill on the Macrophytobenthic Communities
Ergün TAŞKIN and Barış AKÇALI …………………………….…………….……. 244
Potential Impacts of Oil Spills on Macrozoobenthos in the Turkish
Straits System
Güley KURT-ŞAHİN …………………………………………………………….… 253
The Anticipated Effects of Oil Spill on Fish Populations in Case of an Accident
along the Turkish Straits System – A review of Studies after Several Incidents
from the World
M. İdil ÖZ and Nazlı DEMİREL …………………………………………………….261
Estimated Impacts of an Oil Spill on Bird Populations along the Turkish
Straits System
Itri Levent ERKOL …………………………………………………………….…… 272
The Effect of Oil Spills on Cetaceans in the Turkish Straits System (TSS)
Ayaka Amaha ÖZTÜRK ………………………………………………………….. 277
Changes in the Ichthyoplankton and Benthos Assemblages following
Volgoneft-248 Oil Spill: Case Study
Ahsen YÜKSEK and Yaprak GÜRKAN …………………………………….……. 280
Assessing the Initial and Temporal Effects of a Heavy Fuel Oil Spill
on Benthic Fauna
Yaprak GÜRKAN, Ahsen YÜKSEK ………………………………………..…….. 287
CHAPTER V - SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Socio-economic Aspects of Oil Spill
Özlem ATEŞ DURU and Serap İNCAZ ……………………………………….…… 301
Effects of Oil Spill on Human Health
Türkan YURDUN ………………………………………………………………..…. 313
Crisis Management of Oil Spill, A Case Study: BP Gulf Mexico Oil Disaster
Serap İNCAZ and Özlem ATEŞ DURU …………………………….………….……324
CHAPTER VI - CONVENTIONS RELATING TO PREVENTION
OF OIL SPILL
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil
(OILPOL), 1954 and its Situation Related with Turkey
Emre AKYÜZ, Metin ÇELİK and Ömer SÖNER …………………………...……... 334
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as
Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto and by the Protocol of 1997
(MARPOL)
Özcan ARSLAN, Esma UFLAZ and Serap İNCAZ ………………………….……. 342
Applications of MARPOL Related with Oil Spill in Turkey
Emre AKYÜZ, Özcan ASLAN and Serap İNCAZ ………………………………… 356
Ship Born Oil Pollution at the Turkish Straits Sea Area and MARPOL 73/78
Duygu ÜLKER and Sencer BALTAOĞLU………………………….…………….. 363
International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases
of Oil Pollution Casualties (INTERVENTION 1969) and its Applications
Related with Oil Spill in Turkey
Şebnem ERKEBAY ……………………………….……………………………….. 371
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and
Co-operation (OPRC) 1990 and its Applications Related with Oil Spill in Turkey
Kadir ÇİÇEK ………………………………………………………………………. 381
Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution
Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (OPRC-HNS Protocol)
and its Effects in Turkey
Aydın ŞIHMANTEPE and Cihat AŞAN ……………….…………………………. 392
The International Convention on Salvage (SALVAGE) 1989 Related with
Oil Spill in Turkey
İrşad BAYIRHAN ……………………………………….………………..……….. 408
CHAPTER VII - CONVENTIONS COVERING LIABILITY AND
COMPENSATION RELATED WITH OIL SPILL
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage
(CLC), 1969 and its Applications
Serap İNCAZ and Pınar ÖZDEMİR ……………………………………..………… 416
1992 Protocol to the International Convention on the Establishment of
an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
(FUND 1992) and its Applications Related with Oil Spill in Turkey
Ali Umut ÜNAL and Hasan Bora USLUER …………………………….………… 424
International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage
in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances
by Sea (HNS), 1996 (and its 2010 Protocol) and its Applications Related
with Oil Spill in Turkey
Bilun ELMACIOĞLU ……………………………………………………………… 437
Bunkering Incidents and Safety Practices in Turkey
Fırat BOLAT, Pelin BOLAT and Serap İNCAZ …………………………………... 447
"Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks 2007" and
its Effects on Turkey
Şafak Ümit DENİZ and Serap İNCAZ ……………………….……………………. 457
Efecto de las diferentes rondas de competiciĂłn en los resultados del combate en competiciones de judo de alto nivel
[ES] El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar el efecto de las sucesivas rondas de competiciĂłn de judo de alto nivel en el resultado del combate y en diversos factores que afectan al mismo. Se analizaron 4550 combates oficiales, tanto masculinos como femeninos. Se utilizaron frecuencias y porcentajes en la estadĂstica descriptiva, asĂ como medias y desviaciones estándar con intervalos de confianza del 95%. La diferencia entre las variables investigadas para cada ronda de las competiciones de judo se analizĂł con la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Las variables continuas se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. La forma en que se consiguiĂł la victoria fue diferente en rondas de eliminaciĂłn, rondas finales y rondas de lucha por medallas (p=.02). Al progresar en las rondas, el porcentaje de enfrentamientos que terminaron con ippon disminuyĂł y el porcentaje de los que terminaron con waza-ari aumentĂł. El porcentaje de combates sin shido disminuyĂł desde las eliminatorias hasta la final, mientras que hubo un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de combates con shido(p=.01). Se encontrĂł que la duraciĂłn delos combates aumentaba desde las rondas eliminatorias hasta la final (p=.00). El Ăndice de eficiencia de los atletas ganadores durante la primera fase fue más alto que en el resto(p<.05). En conclusiĂłn, en competiciones de judo de alto nivel los atletas de judo ganaron sus combates con diferentes puntuaciones segĂşn las rondas. Además, recibieron más penalizaciones durante las finales en comparaciĂłn con las rondas eliminatorias, y la duraciĂłn delos combates aumentĂł gradualmente desde las rondas eliminatorias hasta las finales.[EN] This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of successive stages of high-level judo competitions on match outcome and the factors effecting it. A total of 4550 official matches in both men and women were included in the analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive statistics. Mean and standard deviations with 95% confidence intervals were also presented. The difference in the variables investigated for each stage of judo competitions was analysed with the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The way competitors won a match differed in elimination, final stages, and medal matches (p=.02). When the difficulty of the matches increased, the percentage of the matches ended with ippon decreased and the percentage of the matches resulted with waza-ari increased. The percentage of the matches without any shido decreased from the elimination to the finals while there was a significant increase in the percentage of the matches with shido (p=.01). The match duration was found to increase from eliminations to the finals (p=.00). The efficiency index of the winner athletes during the first stage was higher than the other stages (p<.05). In conclusion, high-level judo athletes won a match with different scores at different stages during high-level judo competitions. Moreover, athletes were awarded with penalties more during the finals compared to eliminations, and match duration incrementally increased from the eliminations to the finals.[PT] Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar o efeito das sucessivas fases de competição no judĂ´ de alto nĂvel nos resultados do combate e em diversos fatores que afetam o mesmo. Incluiu-se na análise um total de 4550 combates oficiais, tanto masculinos, como femininos. Utilizaram-se frequĂŞncias e percentagens na estatĂstica descritiva, assim como mĂ©dias e desvio-padrĂŁo com intervalos de confiança de 95%. A diferença entre as variáveis investigadas para cada ronda das competições de judĂ´ analisou-se com o teste do Qui-Quadrado. As variáveis contĂnuas analisaram-se com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A forma como se conseguiu a vitĂłria foi diferente nas rondas de eliminação, nas rondas finais e nas rondas de luta por medalhas (p=.02). No decurso das rondas, a percentagem de confrontos que terminaram com ippondiminuiu e a percentagem dos que terminaram com waza-ariaumentaram. A percentagem dos combates sem shidodiminuĂram das eliminatĂłrias atĂ© Ă final. Houve um aumento significativo das percentagens de combates com shido (p=.01). Verificou-se ainda que a duração dos combates aumentou desde as rondas eliminatĂłrias atĂ© Ă final (p=.00). O Ăndice de eficiĂŞncia dos atletas vencedores urante a primeira fase foi mais alto do que o restante (p<.05). Em conclusĂŁo, nas competições de judĂ´ de alto nĂvel os atletas de judĂ´ ganharam os seus combates com diferentes pontuações segundo as rondas. Por outro lado, receberam mais penalizações durante as finais, em comparação com as rondas eliminatĂłrias, e a duração dos combates aumentou gradualmente desde as rondas eliminatĂłrias atĂ© Ă s finais
An easy and practical prognostic parameter: tumor-stroma ratio in Luminal, Her2, and triple-negative breast cancers
OBJECTIVE: The stroma surrounding the tumor cells is important in tumor progression and treatment resistance, besides the properties of tumor cells. Studies on the tumor stroma characteristics will contribute to the knowledge for new treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 363 breast cancer patients were evaluated for the tumor-stroma ratio. The percentage of stroma was visually assessed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. The cases of tumor-stroma ratio more than 50% were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio high, and those less than 50% and below were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio low. RESULTS: Tumor-stroma ratio-high tumors had shorter overall survival (p=0.002). Disease-free survival tended to be shorter in tumor-stroma ratiohigh tumors (p=0.082) compared with tumor-stroma ratio-low tumors. Tumor-stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter for the total group of patients (p=0.003) and also axillary lymph node metastasis and tumor-stroma ratio was statistically associated (p=0.004). Also, tumor- stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter in node-positive Luminal A and B subgroups for overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Tumor-stroma ratio is an independent prognostic parameter that can be evaluated quite easily in all molecular subtypes of all breast cancers and does not require extra cost and time to evaluate
On translation surfaces in 4-dimensional Euclidean space
We consider translation surfaces in Euclidean spaces. Firstly, we give some results of translation surfaces in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space E3. Further, we consider translation surfaces in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space E4. We prove that a translation surface is flat in E4 if and only if it is either a hyperplane or a hypercylinder. Finally we give necessary and sufficient condition for a quadratic triangular BĂ©zier surface in E4 to become a translation surface
myomterial invazyon paterninin prognostik önemi: Retrospektif bir çalışma
Objective: Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) are the most
commonly diagnosed malignancies of the female genital tract. Myometrial
invasion depth is one of the most significant pathological prognostic
parameters. Different morphological invasion patterns have been
characterized. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance
of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) myometrium
invasion pattern in patients with EEC and its relationship with other
clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: This study included 101 patients with EEC in our institution
between 2011 and 2020. The MELF pattern was evaluated in hematoxylineosin-stained sections. Pan-cytokeratin staining was performed on
paraffin-embedded blocks of lymph nodes for cases without lymph node
metastasis.
Results: The MELF pattern was observed in 29 (29.8%) patients. It
was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001),
pathologic stage (p=0.048), infiltrative pattern (p<0.001), and necrosis
(p=0.005). No significant correlation was observed between the MELF
pattern and overall and disease-free survival rates.
Conclusions: The MELF pattern is associated with other prognostic
parameters, but its prognostic significance for survival has not been found.
If the MELF pattern is observed in the hysterectomy material for cases
without lymph node dissection during the first surgery, these patients
may need additional surgery or adjuvant therapy due to the high risk of
lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasisAmaç: Endometrioid endometriyal karsinomlar (EEK) kadın genital
sistemin en sık karşılaşılan maligniteleridir. Myometrium invazyon
derinliği en önemli patolojik prognostik parametrelerden birisidir.
Farklı morfolojik invazyon paternleri tanımlanmıştır. Biz çalışmamızda
EEk olgularında mikrokistik elonge fragmante (MELF) myometirum
invazyon paterninin prognostik önemini ve klinikopatolojik
parametrelerle ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Yöntemler: 2011-2020 yılları arasında kurumumuzda EEK tanısı alan
101 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hematoksilen eozin kesitlerde MELF
paterni değerlendirildi. Lenf nodu metastazı izlenmeyen olgularda lenf
nodu bloklarına pan-sitokeratin uygulandı.
Bulgular: Yirmi dokuz hastada (%29,8) MELF paterni izlendi. MELF
paterni lenfovaskĂĽler invazyon (p<0,001), patolojik evre (p=0,048),
infiltratif patern (p<0,001), ve nekroz (p=0,005) ile anlamlı ilişkili
izlendi. Genel ve hastalıksız sağkalımda MELF paterni istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı ilişkili izlenmedi.
Sonuçlar: MELF paterni diğer prognostik parametrelerle ilişkili
olup tek başına prognostik önemi saptanmamıştır. Ancak ilk cerrahi
sırasında lenf nodu diseksiyonu yapılmayan EEK hastalarında
histerektomi materyalinde MELF paterni saptanması durumunda
yĂĽksek lenfovaskĂĽler invazyon ve lenf nodu metastaz riski nedeniyle
ek cerrahi işlem ya da adjuvan terapi kararında MELF paterni varlığının
dikkate alınması gerektiğine inanıyoruz
Spherical product surfaces in e-4
In the present study we calculate the coefficients of the second fundamental form and curvature ellipse of spherical product surfaces in E-4. Otsuki rotational surfaces and Ganchev-Milousheva rotational surfaces are the special type of spherical product surfaces in E-4. Further, we give necessary and sufficient condition for the origin of NpM to lie on the curvature ellipse of such surfaces. Finally we get the necessary condition for Ganchev-Milousheva rotational surfaces in E-4 to become flat or Chen type. We also give some examples of the projections of these surfaces in E-3
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